/* =========================================================================
   IJICSAA theme  -  child of the OJS default theme
   Loaded after the default stylesheet, so rules here win on equal specificity.
   ========================================================================= */

:root {
	--ij-navy-950: #061224;
	--ij-navy-900: #0B1F3A;
	--ij-navy-800: #12305A;
	--ij-navy-700: #1A4178;
	--ij-blue:     #1D5FA8;   /* links on white: 6.3:1 */
	--ij-blue-700: #174C88;
	--ij-gold:     #F5B82E;   /* CTA; navy text on gold: 9.5:1 */
	--ij-gold-600: #E3A410;
	--ij-sky:      #7DD3FC;   /* accents on navy */
	--ij-ink:      #0F172A;
	--ij-body:     #334155;
	--ij-muted:    #5B6B82;   /* 5.3:1 on white */
	--ij-line:     #E2E8F0;
	--ij-soft:     #F1F5F9;
	--ij-bg:       #F7F9FC;
	--ij-radius:   12px;
	--ij-radius-sm: 8px;
	--ij-shadow:   0 1px 2px rgba(15,23,42,.06), 0 4px 16px rgba(15,23,42,.06);
	--ij-shadow-lg: 0 10px 30px rgba(15,23,42,.10);
	--ij-sans:  "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
	--ij-serif: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
	--ij-max: 1200px;
	--ij-gutter: 1.25rem;
}

/* ---------- Base ---------- */
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
body.ij {
	font-family: var(--ij-sans);
	font-size: 16px;
	line-height: 1.65;
	color: var(--ij-body);
	background: var(--ij-bg);
}
.ij .pkp_structure_page {
	overflow-x: clip;             /* lets .ij-bleed use 100vw without a scrollbar */
	background: var(--ij-bg);
	min-height: 100vh;
	display: flex;
	flex-direction: column;
}
.ij h1, .ij h2, .ij h3, .ij h4,
.ij .page_title, .ij .obj_article_details .page_title {
	font-family: var(--ij-serif);
	color: var(--ij-ink);
	font-weight: 600;
	line-height: 1.25;
	letter-spacing: -0.01em;
	overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.ij a { color: var(--ij-blue); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
.ij a:hover { color: var(--ij-blue-700); }
.ij :focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--ij-gold); outline-offset: 2px; border-radius: 4px; }
.ij img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

.ij-wrap {
	width: 100%;
	max-width: var(--ij-max);
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
	padding-left: var(--ij-gutter);
	padding-right: var(--ij-gutter);
	box-sizing: border-box;
}
.ij-bleed {
	width: 100vw;
	margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
	margin-right: calc(50% - 50vw);
}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.ij-btn {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: .5rem;
	padding: .6rem 1.1rem;
	border-radius: 999px;
	font-family: var(--ij-sans);
	font-weight: 600; font-size: .95rem; line-height: 1.2;
	text-decoration: none !important;
	border: 2px solid transparent;
	transition: background-color .15s, border-color .15s, color .15s, transform .15s;
	white-space: nowrap;
}
.ij-btn--gold { background: var(--ij-gold); color: var(--ij-navy-900) !important; }
.ij-btn--gold:hover { background: var(--ij-gold-600); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.ij-btn--outline { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); color: #fff !important; }
.ij-btn--outline:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.12); border-color: #fff; }
.ij-btn--ghost { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.35); color: #fff !important; }
.ij-btn--lg { padding: .85rem 1.5rem; font-size: 1rem; }
.ij-btn--block { display: flex; width: 100%; }

/* ---------- Utility bar ---------- */
.ij-topbar {
	background: var(--ij-navy-950);
	color: #C7D3E3;
	font-size: .8125rem;
	border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.06);
}
.ij-topbar__inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; min-height: 38px; }
.ij-topbar__facts { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .25rem 1.25rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-topbar__facts li { position: relative; }
.ij-topbar__facts li + li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: -.68rem; top: 50%; width: 4px; height: 4px; margin-top: -2px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ij-gold); }
.ij-topbar__label { color: var(--ij-sky); font-weight: 600; }

/* user menu lives in the topbar instead of floating over the header */
.ij .ij-topbar__user.pkp_navigation_user_wrapper {
	position: static; transform: none; left: auto; top: auto;
	padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; text-align: right;
}
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user { margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; gap: 1rem; }
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user > li { display: inline-block; }
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user a { color: #E2E8F0; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user .dropdown-menu {
	background: #fff; border-radius: var(--ij-radius-sm); box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow-lg);
	padding: .35rem 0; min-width: 12rem; z-index: 1100; right: 0; left: auto;
}
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user .dropdown-menu a { color: var(--ij-ink); display: block; padding: .45rem 1rem; }

/* ---------- Masthead ---------- */
.ij .pkp_structure_head.ij-head {
	background:
		radial-gradient(1200px 400px at 85% -120px, rgba(125,211,252,.18), transparent 60%),
		linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ij-navy-900) 0%, var(--ij-navy-800) 60%, var(--ij-navy-700) 100%);
	border-bottom: 0;
	position: relative;
	z-index: 50;
}
.ij-head__inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.25rem; padding-top: 1.1rem; padding-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.ij-brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .9rem; min-width: 0; text-decoration: none !important; color: #fff !important; }
.ij-brand__logo { width: auto !important; height: 56px !important; flex: 0 0 auto; border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; padding: 2px; }
.ij-brand__text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-width: 0; }
.ij-brand__acronym { font-family: var(--ij-sans); font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--ij-gold); }
.ij-brand__name { font-family: var(--ij-serif); font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.25; color: #fff; }
.ij-head__actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .75rem; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.ij-iconbtn { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .45rem; color: #E2E8F0 !important; text-decoration: none !important; font-weight: 500; font-size: .92rem; padding: .5rem .6rem; border-radius: 8px; }
.ij-iconbtn:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); color: #fff !important; }

/* hamburger */
.ij .ij-navtoggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle {
	position: relative; top: auto; left: auto;
	width: 44px; height: 44px; border-radius: 10px;
	background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2);
	display: none; cursor: pointer;
}

/* ---------- Primary navigation (desktop) ---------- */
.ij .ij-nav.pkp_site_nav_menu {
	position: static; top: auto; left: auto; width: auto;
	display: block; padding: 0;
	background: rgba(6,18,36,.35);
	border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
}
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary_row,
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper { width: auto; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary {
	display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: stretch; gap: .25rem;
	max-width: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left;
}
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li { position: relative; }
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a {
	display: flex; align-items: center; gap: .35rem;
	margin: 0; padding: .85rem .9rem;
	color: #E6EDF7; font-weight: 500; font-size: .95rem; text-decoration: none;
	border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
}
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li:first-child > a { margin-left: -.9rem; }
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus,
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a[aria-expanded="true"] {
	background: transparent; color: #fff; border-bottom-color: var(--ij-gold); outline: 0;
}
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a[aria-haspopup]::after {
	content: ""; width: .45em; height: .45em; margin-left: .15rem; margin-top: -.2em;
	border-right: 2px solid currentColor; border-bottom: 2px solid currentColor;
	transform: rotate(45deg); opacity: .8;
}
.ij .ij-nav .dropdown-menu {
	position: absolute !important; top: 100% !important; left: 0 !important;
	transform: none !important; will-change: auto;
	min-width: 16rem; margin: 0; padding: .4rem;
	background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line);
	border-radius: var(--ij-radius-sm); box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow-lg);
	list-style: none; z-index: 1000;
}
.ij .ij-nav .dropdown-menu li { display: block; }
.ij .ij-nav .dropdown-menu a {
	display: block; padding: .55rem .8rem; border-radius: 6px;
	color: var(--ij-ink) !important; font-size: .93rem; font-weight: 500;
	text-decoration: none !important; border: 0 !important;
}
.ij .ij-nav .dropdown-menu a:hover,
.ij .ij-nav .dropdown-menu a:focus { background: var(--ij-soft); color: var(--ij-blue) !important; }
.ij-nav__mobile { display: none; }

/* ---------- Layout: content + sidebar as a grid (fixes mobile overflow) ---------- */
.ij .pkp_structure_content {
	width: 100%; max-width: var(--ij-max);
	margin: 0 auto; padding: 2rem var(--ij-gutter) 3.5rem;
	display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem;
	flex: 1 0 auto; box-sizing: border-box;
}
.ij .pkp_structure_main {
	float: none; width: auto; min-width: 0;
	padding: 0; margin: 0;
	background: transparent;
}
.ij .pkp_structure_main::before,
.ij .pkp_structure_main::after { display: none; }
.ij .pkp_structure_sidebar { float: none; width: auto; min-width: 0; }
@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.ij .pkp_structure_content.has_sidebar { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; }
}

/* Content panel: interior pages sit on a white card */
.ij .pkp_structure_main > .page,
.ij .pkp_structure_main > .obj_article_details,
.ij .pkp_structure_main > .page_issue,
.ij .pkp_structure_main > .page_issue_archive,
.ij .pkp_structure_main > .page_search {
	background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius);
	padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.5rem); box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow);
}
.ij .page_index_journal { background: transparent; border: 0; box-shadow: none; padding: 0; }

/* Breadcrumbs */
.ij .cmp_breadcrumbs { margin: 0 0 1rem; font-size: .85rem; }
.ij .cmp_breadcrumbs ol { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .25rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij .cmp_breadcrumbs a { color: var(--ij-muted); }
.ij .cmp_breadcrumbs .current { color: var(--ij-ink); font-weight: 500; }

/* ---------- Static / policy pages ---------- */
.ij .page h1, .ij .page_title { font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.25rem); margin: 0 0 1.25rem; }
.ij .page p, .ij .page li { font-size: 1.02rem; }
.ij .page p { max-width: 72ch; }
.ij .page h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 2rem 0 .75rem; }
.ij .page h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; margin: 1.5rem 0 .5rem; }
.ij .page hr { border: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ij-line); margin: 1.75rem 0; }
.ij .page table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; }
.ij .page td, .ij .page th { border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); padding: .55rem .75rem; }

/* ---------- Home: hero ---------- */
.ij-hero {
	background:
		radial-gradient(900px 380px at 88% 10%, rgba(125,211,252,.22), transparent 60%),
		radial-gradient(700px 300px at 5% 100%, rgba(245,184,46,.10), transparent 60%),
		linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ij-navy-900) 0%, var(--ij-navy-800) 55%, var(--ij-navy-700) 100%);
	color: #fff;
	margin-top: -2rem;           /* sit flush under the nav */
}
.ij-hero__inner { padding-top: clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 4.5rem); padding-bottom: clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 4.5rem); }
.ij-hero__eyebrow {
	display: inline-block; margin: 0 0 1rem; padding: .35rem .8rem;
	border: 1px solid rgba(125,211,252,.35); border-radius: 999px;
	color: var(--ij-sky); font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .02em;
}
.ij-hero__title {
	font-family: var(--ij-serif); color: #fff; font-weight: 600;
	font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4.2vw, 3rem); line-height: 1.15; letter-spacing: -0.015em;
	max-width: 22ch; margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.ij-hero__lead { font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem); color: #CBD8EA; max-width: 60ch; margin: 0 0 2rem; }
.ij-hero__cta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .85rem; }

/* ---------- Home: facts band ---------- */
.ij-facts { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-line); box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(15,23,42,.02); }
.ij-facts__grid {
	display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
	margin: 0; padding-top: 1.1rem; padding-bottom: 1.1rem;
}
.ij-fact { padding: .5rem 1rem; border-left: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
.ij-fact:first-child { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
.ij-fact dt { font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ij-muted); margin: 0 0 .15rem; }
.ij-fact dd { margin: 0; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ij-ink); font-size: 1rem; }

/* ---------- Home: main area ---------- */
.ij-home__main {
	display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 2rem;
	margin-top: 2.5rem;
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
	.ij-home__main { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px; align-items: start; }
	.ij-home__side { position: sticky; top: 1.25rem; }
}
.ij-section { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 2rem); box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow); }
.ij-section__head { display: flex; align-items: baseline; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.ij-section__title { font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 1.75rem); margin: 0; }
.ij-issue-label { margin: 0 0 1.25rem; color: var(--ij-muted); font-weight: 600; }
.ij-link-arrow { font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
.ij-link-arrow::after { content: " \2192"; }
.ij .current_issue .read_more { display: none; }   /* replaced by header link */

/* Cards (side column) */
.ij-home__side { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1.25rem; min-width: 0; }
.ij-card { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 1.35rem; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow); }
.ij-card p { margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.ij-card__eyebrow { font-size: .72rem !important; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ij-blue); margin: 0 0 .35rem !important; }
.ij-card__title { font-size: 1.3rem; margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.ij-card__title--sm { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.ij-card--cfp { background: linear-gradient(160deg, #FFF8E6 0%, #fff 55%); border-color: #F5E2B0; }
.ij-card--cfp .ij-card__eyebrow { color: #9A6700; }
.ij-card__person { font-family: var(--ij-serif); font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ij-ink); margin: 0 0 .75rem !important; }
.ij-linklist { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-linklist li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
.ij-linklist a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: .6rem 0; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }
.ij-linklist a::after { content: "\203A"; color: var(--ij-muted); }

/* Home: scope + why */
.ij-scope { background: #fff; border-top: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-line); margin-top: 3rem; padding: 2.5rem 0; }
.ij-chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .6rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-chips li { padding: .55rem .95rem; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--ij-soft); border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); color: var(--ij-navy-800); font-weight: 500; font-size: .93rem; }
.ij-why { margin-top: 3rem; }
.ij-why .ij-section__title { margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.ij-why__grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(230px, 1fr)); gap: 1.25rem; }
.ij-why__item { background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius); padding: 1.35rem; border-top: 3px solid var(--ij-gold); }
.ij-why__item h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 .4rem; }
.ij-why__item p { margin: 0; font-size: .95rem; }

/* ---------- Issue table of contents ---------- */
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); gap: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading { grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0,1fr); align-items: start; }
}
.ij .obj_issue_toc .cover { float: none; width: auto; margin: 0; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .cover img { width: 100%; max-width: 200px; border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow-lg); }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .description { margin: 0; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .published { color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .sections { margin-top: 0; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h2, .ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {
	font-family: var(--ij-sans); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase;
	color: var(--ij-muted); margin: 0 0 .75rem; padding: 0; border: 0;
}
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h2::after, .ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h3::after { display: none; }
.ij .cmp_article_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: grid; gap: .9rem; }
.ij .cmp_article_list > li { margin: 0; }

/* Article summary cards */
.ij .obj_article_summary {
	position: relative; background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius-sm);
	padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem; margin: 0; box-shadow: none; transform: none;
	transition: border-color .15s, box-shadow .15s;
}
.ij .obj_article_summary:hover { border-color: #BFD3EA; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow); transform: none; }
.ij .obj_article_summary > .title { font-family: var(--ij-serif); font-size: 1.12rem; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0 0 .35rem; font-weight: 600; }
.ij .obj_article_summary > .title a { color: var(--ij-ink); text-decoration: none; }
.ij .obj_article_summary > .title a:hover { color: var(--ij-blue); text-decoration: underline; }
.ij .obj_article_summary .meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: .25rem 1rem; color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: .9rem; }
.ij .obj_article_summary .pages { color: var(--ij-muted); }
.ij .obj_article_summary .galleys_links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .5rem; margin: .75rem 0 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }

/* Galley (PDF) buttons - open access, so no lock iconography */
.ij .obj_galley_link {
	display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: .4rem;
	padding: .35rem .8rem; border-radius: 999px;
	border: 1.5px solid var(--ij-blue); color: var(--ij-blue) !important;
	background: #fff; font-weight: 600; font-size: .85rem; text-decoration: none !important;
}
.ij .obj_galley_link:hover { background: var(--ij-blue); color: #fff !important; }
.ij .obj_galley_link::before { font-family: FontAwesome; content: "\f1c1"; }
.ij .obj_galley_link.restricted::before { content: "\f1c1"; }
.ij .obj_galley_link.pdf::before { content: "\f1c1"; }

/* ---------- Article page ---------- */
.ij .obj_article_details .page_title { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.ij .obj_article_details .row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); gap: 2rem; margin: 0; }
@media (min-width: 900px) {
	.ij .obj_article_details .row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) 260px; }
}
.ij .obj_article_details .main_entry,
.ij .obj_article_details .entry_details { float: none; width: auto; min-width: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; }
.ij .obj_article_details .main_entry::before,
.ij .obj_article_details .main_entry::after,
.ij .obj_article_details .row::before,
.ij .obj_article_details .row::after { display: none; }
.ij .obj_article_details .item { padding: 0 0 1.5rem; margin: 0 0 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
.ij .obj_article_details .item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.ij .obj_article_details .label,
.ij .obj_article_details .entry_details .label {
	font-family: var(--ij-sans); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .09em;
	text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ij-muted); margin: 0 0 .5rem;
}
.ij .obj_article_details .authors .name { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ij-ink); }
.ij .obj_article_details .authors .affiliation { color: var(--ij-muted); font-size: .92rem; }
.ij .obj_article_details .abstract .value p { max-width: 75ch; }
.ij .obj_article_details .references .value p { font-size: .93rem; padding-left: 1.25rem; text-indent: -1.25rem; margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.ij .obj_article_details .entry_details {
	background: var(--ij-soft); border-radius: var(--ij-radius-sm); padding: 1.25rem; align-self: start;
}
.ij .obj_article_details .entry_details .item { padding: 0 0 1rem; margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.ij .obj_article_details .cover_image img { border-radius: 8px; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow); }
.ij .obj_article_details .galleys_links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }

/* ---------- Sidebar blocks ---------- */
.ij .pkp_block {
	background: #fff; border: 1px solid var(--ij-line); border-radius: var(--ij-radius);
	padding: 1.25rem; margin: 0 0 1.25rem; box-shadow: var(--ij-shadow);
}
.ij .pkp_block .title {
	font-family: var(--ij-sans); font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .09em;
	text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ij-muted); margin: 0 0 .6rem; padding: 0; border: 0;
}
.ij .pkp_block ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij .pkp_block li + li { border-top: 1px solid var(--ij-line); }
.ij .pkp_block li a { display: block; padding: .5rem 0; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 500; }

/* ---------- Forms & generic buttons ---------- */
.ij .cmp_form fieldset { border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.ij .cmp_form input[type="text"], .ij .cmp_form input[type="email"], .ij .cmp_form input[type="password"],
.ij .cmp_form input[type="search"], .ij .cmp_form select, .ij .cmp_form textarea,
.ij .pkp_search_input input {
	width: 100%; max-width: 32rem; padding: .65rem .8rem; border: 1px solid #CBD5E1; border-radius: 8px;
	font: inherit; color: var(--ij-ink); background: #fff; box-sizing: border-box;
}
.ij .cmp_form input:focus, .ij .cmp_form select:focus, .ij .cmp_form textarea:focus { border-color: var(--ij-blue); box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(29,95,168,.18); outline: 0; }
.ij .cmp_button, .ij .cmp_form .buttons button, .ij button.submit, .ij .page_search .submit button {
	background: var(--ij-navy-800); color: #fff; border: 0; border-radius: 999px;
	padding: .65rem 1.3rem; font-weight: 600; font-family: var(--ij-sans); cursor: pointer;
}
.ij .cmp_button:hover, .ij .cmp_form .buttons button:hover { background: var(--ij-navy-700); }

/* ---------- Footer ---------- */
.ij .pkp_structure_footer_wrapper.ij-footer {
	background: var(--ij-navy-950); color: #A9B8CC; padding: 0; margin-top: auto; border: 0;
}
.ij-footer__grid {
	display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
	gap: 2rem; padding-top: 3rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
}
.ij-footer__acronym { font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .14em; color: var(--ij-gold); font-size: .8rem; margin: 0 0 .35rem; }
.ij-footer__name { font-family: var(--ij-serif); color: #fff; font-size: 1.1rem; line-height: 1.35; margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.ij-footer__facts { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: .9rem; }
.ij-footer__facts li { padding: .15rem 0; }
.ij-footer__facts strong { color: #DCE6F2; font-weight: 600; margin-right: .35rem; }
.ij-footer h2.ij-footer__heading { font-family: var(--ij-sans); color: #fff; font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; margin: 0 0 .9rem; }
.ij-footer ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.ij-footer__col a { color: #A9B8CC; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; padding: .25rem 0; font-size: .93rem; }
.ij-footer__col a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }
.ij-footer__bottom { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); font-size: .85rem; }
.ij-footer__bottom-inner { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: .5rem 2rem; padding-top: 1.25rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.ij-footer__bottom .pkp_footer_content { padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.ij-footer__bottom .pkp_footer_content p { margin: 0 0 .25rem; }
.ij-footer__bottom a { color: #C7D3E3; }
.ij-footer__oai { margin: 0; }
.ij .pkp_brand_footer { display: none; }

/* ---------- Tablet & mobile ---------- */
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
	.ij .ij-navtoggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
	.ij .ij-navtoggle > span { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); }
	.ij .ij-navtoggle::before, .ij .ij-navtoggle::after {
		content: ""; position: absolute; left: 12px; right: 12px; height: 2px; background: #fff; border-radius: 2px;
		box-shadow: 0 6px 0 #fff; top: 15px; transition: transform .2s;
	}
	.ij .ij-navtoggle::after { display: none; }
	.ij .ij-navtoggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform::before { box-shadow: none; top: 21px; transform: rotate(45deg); }
	.ij .ij-navtoggle.pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform::after { display: block; box-shadow: none; top: 21px; transform: rotate(-45deg); }

	.ij-head__submit, .ij-iconbtn__text { display: none; }
	.ij .ij-nav.pkp_site_nav_menu { display: none; background: var(--ij-navy-900); }
	.ij .ij-nav.pkp_site_nav_menu--isOpen { display: block; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary { flex-direction: column; gap: 0; padding: .5rem 0; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li:first-child > a { margin-left: 0; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a { padding: .85rem 0; border: 0; font-weight: 600; pointer-events: none; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:not([href="#"]) { pointer-events: auto; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary ul { position: static !important; box-shadow: none; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 0 0 .6rem .9rem; min-width: 0; display: block; }
	.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary ul a { color: #C7D3E3 !important; padding: .45rem 0; display: block; text-decoration: none; }
	.ij-nav__mobile { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .6rem; padding: 1rem 0 1.25rem; }
	.ij-brand__logo { height: 44px !important; }
	.ij-brand__name { font-size: 1rem; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
	:root { --ij-gutter: 1rem; }
	.ij-topbar__facts li:nth-child(n+2) { display: none; }   /* keep ISSN, drop the rest */
	.ij-brand__name {
		font-size: .9rem;
		display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; overflow: hidden;
	}
	.ij-brand__acronym { font-size: .68rem; }
	.ij-brand__logo { height: 38px !important; }
	.ij-head__inner { gap: .75rem; padding-top: .75rem; padding-bottom: .75rem; }
	.ij-iconbtn { padding: .45rem; }
	.ij-fact { border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; }
	.ij-facts__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: .5rem 1rem; }
	.ij .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: 1.25rem; }
	.ij-hero { margin-top: -1.25rem; }
	.ij-hero__cta .ij-btn { flex: 1 1 100%; }
	.ij-footer__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
	.ij-footer__about { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

/* =========================================================================
   Fixes for default-theme rules that out-rank the base layer
   ========================================================================= */

/* #1  .pkp_navigation_user sits in the default theme's fixed-width container
       list (1160px at desktop), which crushed the facts and pushed Login off-screen */
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user,
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user.pkp_navigation_user {
	width: auto !important; max-width: none; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important;
	display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center;
}
.ij .ij-topbar__facts { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
.ij .ij-topbar__facts li { white-space: nowrap; }
.ij .ij-topbar__user { flex: 0 0 auto; }
.ij .ij-topbar .pkp_navigation_user > li > a { padding: .5rem 0; display: inline-block; }

/* #2  .pkp_structure_main p { line-height: 1.785rem } is a FIXED height; a 48px
       title in a 28px line box overlaps. Use unitless line-heights throughout. */
.ij .pkp_structure_main p,
.ij .pkp_structure_main ul,
.ij .pkp_structure_main ol { line-height: 1.65; }
.ij .pkp_structure_main h1, .ij .pkp_structure_main h2,
.ij .pkp_structure_main h3, .ij .pkp_structure_main h4 { line-height: 1.25; }
.ij .pkp_structure_main .ij-hero__title { line-height: 1.12; margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.ij .pkp_structure_main .ij-hero__lead { line-height: 1.6; margin: 0 0 2rem; }
.ij .pkp_structure_main .ij-hero__eyebrow { line-height: 1.4; margin: 0 0 1.1rem; }
.ij .pkp_structure_main .ij-card p { line-height: 1.6; }

/* #3  gap between nav and hero: remove top padding on the homepage only */
.ij.pkp_page_index .pkp_structure_content { padding-top: 0; }
.ij.pkp_page_index .ij-hero { margin-top: 0; }

/* #4  .ij-facts__grid { margin:0 } cancelled .ij-wrap's auto margins */
.ij .ij-facts__grid.ij-wrap { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
.ij .ij-fact:first-child { padding-left: 0; }

/* #5  the default clearfix adds ::before/::after to .heading; in a grid those
       become real cells and shoved the cover into the wrong column */
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading::before,
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading::after { display: none !important; content: none !important; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr); gap: 1rem 1.5rem; }
@media (min-width: 640px) {
	.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading { grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0,1fr); }
	.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading > .cover { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1 / span 6; }
	.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading > :not(.cover) { grid-column: 2; }
}
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading > .cover {
	float: none !important; width: auto !important; max-height: none !important; margin: 0 !important;
}
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading > .cover img { max-height: none; width: 100%; max-width: 180px; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .heading .description p { margin: 0 0 .75rem; }

/* default gives sections negative margins + a full-width rule at 45px */
.ij .obj_issue_toc .galleys,
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section { margin: 1.5rem 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .galleys::before,
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section::before { display: none !important; }
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h2,
.ij .obj_issue_toc .section > h3 {
	display: block; position: static; left: auto; background: none;
	padding: 0 0 .6rem; margin: 0 0 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ij-line) !important;
	line-height: 1.4;
}

/* nav chevron: clearer down-arrow */
.ij .ij-nav .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a[aria-haspopup]::after {
	width: 6px; height: 6px; margin: -3px 0 0 .35rem;
	border-right: 1.75px solid currentColor; border-bottom: 1.75px solid currentColor;
	transform: rotate(45deg); opacity: .75;
}

/* #6  .pkp_structure_content also carries the default clearfix ::before/::after.
       In a grid they become empty rows, and when the page is stretched to fill the
       viewport (flex:1) the grid shares the spare height into them -> big blank bands
       above the hero and above the footer on short pages. */
.ij .pkp_structure_content::before,
.ij .pkp_structure_content::after { display: none !important; content: none !important; }
.ij .pkp_structure_content { align-content: start; }